Crop residues are a great source for organic matter that can be put
back into the soil. However, where there is continuous cropping, these
residues can get in the way. Some farmers clean the fields and heap
everything where they can be composted or burned. Other farmers may
simply disc the crop residues in. Either way, they must be dealt with.
In the situation where they are composted, there is an entire process
and management plan spent on that. This is where we are going to
discuss an alternative to composting. This is known as the“Bokashi Compost Method” or the EM® Bokashi Method”. It is a relatively fast process that
results in not only providing valuable organic matter to the soil, but
also all the benefits of fermentation by-products (metabolites) to help
grow healthy crops and maintain healthy soils on the farm. All with
significantly lower costs to the farm.
The Bokashi Compost Method is one way to recycle green waste. The EM® Bokashi Method is very similar to composting, however, there is not as much
turning involved and the finished materials do not look like dirt when
finished. The need to monitor heat is also removed because the materials do not produce as much heat during fermentation. Because there is not much turning, the materials are pickled
more than they are decomposed. Pickling is a process that
preserves the nutrients in the materials, leaving more nutrients
available for worms, plants and beneficial fungi when applied to the soil. The lack of
turning not only saves a tremendous amount of money for fuel
and labor, it also benefits the environment as much less fossil fuels
are burned to make the finished material. This can be applied to a variety of composting including composting manure.
Putting together the materials is done exactly like preparing for composting. The difference stops there. Materials are gathered, inoculated, and heaped into piles or windrows. Water is added to reach 30-40% moisture. If possible, the piles are covered with plastic tarps. (This should sound like making silage because it is the exact same process!) The piles are left for ferment (anaerobic) for at least two weeks. At this point there should be no foul odors in the pile and there may be signs of white filamentous fungi. (In some cases we have actually seen mushrooms growing on the tops of the piles.) After the fermentation stageof the bokashi compost process, the piles are turned once per week for two to four weeks to break down the materials to the desired particle size. Once the desired size is achieved, the materials can be land applied and/or incorporated. This material will make a great mulch as well.
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